The British policy-makers introduced the idea of ‘Partition-Scheme’ as early as 1866. The official colonial version was that Sir Stafford Northcote suggested after the Orissa famine that the size of the vast presidency of Bengal should be reduced. At the beginning of twentieth century, there were continuous suggestions and planning from diverse fronts regarding the internal permutations and combinations between various divisions (separation of Chittagong, Dacca and Mymensingh from Bengal and attaching it to Assam) within the Bengal territory for administrative efficiency. Fraser, Risley and Curzon initially tried to convey that it was their responsibility to formulate a scheme for the larger readjustment of East Bengal. But at the ground level, the Bengal partition scheme and establishment of new capital, Dacca, for a new province in 1905, officially encouraged creating a foothold for the Muslims in the polity, society and economy of ‘Eastern Bengal and Assam’. In the beginning of the twentieth century, the creation of a Muslim majority province made an emotional appeal in every stratum of the society. The agitation against the Partition of 1905 meant the ‘Swadeshi’ movement for the Hindus, the Muslims started terming it as their effort towards the ‘anti-Partition’ movement. The old agrarian tensions between Hindu landlords and Muslim tenants had transformed to new power equations. By shaping up the concept of Hindu identities and patterns of political mobilization, it had led to other identity formation and political articulations. The British constructed a polarized community-consciousness during the days of the Swadeshi Movement. A feeling of confusion and change in the previous equation of community relationship started after the merger period of the first Partition of Bengal (1905-11), in which the nature and structure of the power relationship in the socio-cultural and political arena of Bengal had gone through a sea change.